تحليل النقاط الساخنة Hot Spot Analysis

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تحليل النقاط الساخنة Hot Spot Analysis

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Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) Tool

أداة تحليل النقاط الساخنة

ArcMap ArcGIS

How to use Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) Tool in Arc Toolbox??

كيفية استخدام أداة تحليل النقاط الساخنة ؟؟
Hot Spot Analysis

كيفية استخدام أداة تحليل النقاط الساخنة ؟؟

Path to access the toolمسار الوصول الى الأداة

:

Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) Tool, Mapping Clusters Toolset, Spatial Statistics Tools Toolbox

Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) Tool 

Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*)

Given a set of weighted features, identifies statistically significant hot spots and cold spots using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic.

نظرًا لمجموعة من الميزات الموزونة ، يحدد النقاط الساخنة ذات الدلالة الإحصائية والبقع الباردة باستخدام إحصائية Getis-Ord Gi *.



1. Input Feature Class ادخل فئة المعلم

The feature class for which hot spot analysis will be performed.

فئة المعلم التي سيتم إجراء تحليل النقاط الفعالة لها.

Input Field

The numeric field (number of victims, crime rate, test scores, and so on) to be evaluated.

Output Feature Class

The output feature class to receive the z-score and p-value results.

Conceptualization of Spatial Relationships

Specifies how spatial relationships among features are defined.

Distance Method

Specifies how distances are calculated from each feature to neighboring features.

Standardization

Row standardization has no impact on this tool: results from Hot Spot Analysis (the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic) would be identical with or without row standardization. The parameter is disabled; it remains as a tool parameter only to support backwards compatibility.

Distance Band or Threshold Distance (optional)

Specifies a cutoff distance for Inverse Distance and Fixed Distance options. Features outside the specified cutoff for a target feature are ignored in analyses for that feature. However, for Zone of Indifference, the influence of features outside the given distance is reduced with distance, while those inside the distance threshold are equally considered. The distance value entered should match that of the output coordinate system.

For the inverse distance conceptualizations of spatial relationships, a value of 0 indicates that no threshold distance is applied; when this parameter is left blank, a default threshold value is computed and applied. This default value is the Euclidean distance that ensures every feature has at least one neighbor.

This parameter has no effect when polygon contiguity (CONTIGUITY_EDGES_ONLY or CONTIGUITY_EDGES_CORNERS) or GET_SPATIAL_WEIGHTS_FROM_FILE spatial conceptualizations are selected.

Self Potential Field (optional)

The field representing self potential: the distance or weight between a feature and itself.

Weights Matrix File (optional)

The path to a file containing weights that define spatial, and potentially temporal, relationships among features.

Apply False Discovery Rate (FDR) Correction (optional)

Specifies whether statistical significance will be assessed with or without FDR correction.

2. Input Field ادخل الحقل

The numeric field (number of victims, crime rate, test scores, and so on) to be evaluated.

الحقل الرقمي (عدد الضحايا ومعدل الجريمة ودرجات الاختبار وما إلى ذلك) المراد تقييمه.

Output Feature Class

The output feature class to receive the z-score and p-value results.

Conceptualization of Spatial Relationships

Specifies how spatial relationships among features are defined.

Distance Method

Specifies how distances are calculated from each feature to neighboring features.

Standardization

Row standardization has no impact on this tool: results from Hot Spot Analysis (the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic) would be identical with or without row standardization. The parameter is disabled; it remains as a tool parameter only to support backwards compatibility.

Distance Band or Threshold Distance (optional)

Specifies a cutoff distance for Inverse Distance and Fixed Distance options. Features outside the specified cutoff for a target feature are ignored in analyses for that feature. However, for Zone of Indifference, the influence of features outside the given distance is reduced with distance, while those inside the distance threshold are equally considered. The distance value entered should match that of the output coordinate system.

For the inverse distance conceptualizations of spatial relationships, a value of 0 indicates that no threshold distance is applied; when this parameter is left blank, a default threshold value is computed and applied. This default value is the Euclidean distance that ensures every feature has at least one neighbor.

This parameter has no effect when polygon contiguity (CONTIGUITY_EDGES_ONLY or CONTIGUITY_EDGES_CORNERS) or GET_SPATIAL_WEIGHTS_FROM_FILE spatial conceptualizations are selected.

Self Potential Field (optional)

The field representing self potential: the distance or weight between a feature and itself.

Weights Matrix File (optional)

The path to a file containing weights that define spatial, and potentially temporal, relationships among features.

Apply False Discovery Rate (FDR) Correction (optional)

Specifies whether statistical significance will be assessed with or without FDR correction.

3. Output Feature Class فئة معلم الاخراج

The output feature class to receive the z-score and p-value results.

فئة ميزة الإخراج لتلقي نتائج z-Score و p-value.

Conceptualization of Spatial Relationships

Specifies how spatial relationships among features are defined.

Distance Method

Specifies how distances are calculated from each feature to neighboring features.

Standardization

Row standardization has no impact on this tool: results from Hot Spot Analysis (the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic) would be identical with or without row standardization. The parameter is disabled; it remains as a tool parameter only to support backwards compatibility.

Distance Band or Threshold Distance (optional)

Specifies a cutoff distance for Inverse Distance and Fixed Distance options. Features outside the specified cutoff for a target feature are ignored in analyses for that feature. However, for Zone of Indifference, the influence of features outside the given distance is reduced with distance, while those inside the distance threshold are equally considered. The distance value entered should match that of the output coordinate system.

For the inverse distance conceptualizations of spatial relationships, a value of 0 indicates that no threshold distance is applied; when this parameter is left blank, a default threshold value is computed and applied. This default value is the Euclidean distance that ensures every feature has at least one neighbor.

This parameter has no effect when polygon contiguity (CONTIGUITY_EDGES_ONLY or CONTIGUITY_EDGES_CORNERS) or GET_SPATIAL_WEIGHTS_FROM_FILE spatial conceptualizations are selected.

Self Potential Field (optional)

The field representing self potential: the distance or weight between a feature and itself.

Weights Matrix File (optional)

The path to a file containing weights that define spatial, and potentially temporal, relationships among features.

Apply False Discovery Rate (FDR) Correction (optional)

Specifies whether statistical significance will be assessed with or without FDR correction.

4. Conceptualization of Spatial Relationships تصور العلاقات المكانية

Specifies how spatial relationships among features are defined.

· INVERSE_DISTANCE—Nearby neighboring features have a larger influence on the computations for a target feature than features that are far away.

· INVERSE_DISTANCE_SQUARED—Same asINVERSE_DISTANCE except that the slope is sharper, so influence drops off more quickly, and only a target feature's closest neighbors will exert substantial influence on computations for that feature.

· FIXED_DISTANCE_BAND—Each feature is analyzed within the context of neighboring features. Neighboring features inside the specified critical distance (Distance Band or Threshold Distance) receive a weight of one and exert influence on computations for the target feature. Neighboring features outside the critical distance receive a weight of zero and have no influence on a target feature's computations.

· ZONE_OF_INDIFFERENCE—Features within the specified critical distance (Distance Band or Threshold Distance) of a target feature receive a weight of one and influence computations for that feature. Once the critical distance is exceeded, weights (and the influence a neighboring feature has on target feature computations) diminish with distance.

· CONTIGUITY_EDGES_ONLY—Only neighboring polygon features that share a boundary or overlap will influence computations for the target polygon feature.

· CONTIGUITY_EDGES_CORNERS—Polygon features that share a boundary, share a node, or overlap will influence computations for the target polygon feature.

· GET_SPATIAL_WEIGHTS_FROM_FILE—Spatial relationships are defined by a specified spatial weights file. The path to the spatial weights file is specified by the Weights Matrix File parameter.

يحدد كيفية تعريف العلاقات المكانية بين المعالم.

INVERSE_DISTANCE — المعالم المجاورة لها تأثير أكبر على العمليات الحسابية لميزة الهدف أكثر من العناصر البعيدة.

INVERSE_DISTANCE_SQUARED — مماثل لـ INVERSE_DISTANCE فيما عدا أن المنحدر أكثر حدة ، لذلك يتلاشى التأثير بسرعة أكبر ، ولن يكون هناك تأثير جوهري على العمليات الحسابية لهذه الميزة سوى الأقرب للميزة المستهدفة.

FIXED_DISTANCE_BAND — يتم تحليل كل ميزة في سياق الميزات المجاورة. تستقبل الميزات المجاورة داخل المسافة الحرجة المحددة (نطاق المسافة أو مسافة الحد) وزنًا واحدًا وتؤثر على العمليات الحسابية للميزة المستهدفة. تستقبل الميزات المجاورة خارج المسافة الحرجة وزنًا صفريًا وليس لها أي تأثير على حسابات السمة المستهدفة.

ZONE_OF_INDIFFERENCE - الميزات الموجودة ضمن المسافة الحرجة المحددة (نطاق المسافة أو مسافة الحد) لميزة الهدف تتلقى وزنًا واحدًا وتؤثر على الحسابات الخاصة بهذه الميزة. بمجرد تجاوز المسافة الحرجة ، تتضاءل الأوزان (وتأثير الميزة المجاورة على حسابات الميزة المستهدفة) مع المسافة.

CONTIGUITY_EDGES_ONLY - فقط معالم المضلع المجاورة التي تشترك في حد أو تداخل ستؤثر على الحسابات لميزة المضلع الهدف.

CONTIGUITY_EDGES_CORNERS - ستؤثر المعالم المضلعة التي تشترك في الحدود أو تشترك في العقدة أو التداخل في العمليات الحسابية لميزة المضلع الهدف.

GET_SPATIAL_WEIGHTS_FROM_FILE — يتم تعريف العلاقات المكانية بواسطة ملف أوزان مكانية محددة. يتم تحديد المسار إلى ملف الأوزان المكانية بواسطة معلمة Weights Matrix File.

Distance Method

Specifies how distances are calculated from each feature to neighboring features.

Standardization

Row standardization has no impact on this tool: results from Hot Spot Analysis (the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic) would be identical with or without row standardization. The parameter is disabled; it remains as a tool parameter only to support backwards compatibility.

Distance Band or Threshold Distance (optional)

Specifies a cutoff distance for Inverse Distance and Fixed Distance options. Features outside the specified cutoff for a target feature are ignored in analyses for that feature. However, for Zone of Indifference, the influence of features outside the given distance is reduced with distance, while those inside the distance threshold are equally considered. The distance value entered should match that of the output coordinate system.

For the inverse distance conceptualizations of spatial relationships, a value of 0 indicates that no threshold distance is applied; when this parameter is left blank, a default threshold value is computed and applied. This default value is the Euclidean distance that ensures every feature has at least one neighbor.

This parameter has no effect when polygon contiguity (CONTIGUITY_EDGES_ONLY or CONTIGUITY_EDGES_CORNERS) or GET_SPATIAL_WEIGHTS_FROM_FILE spatial conceptualizations are selected.

Self Potential Field (optional)

The field representing self potential: the distance or weight between a feature and itself.

Weights Matrix File (optional)

The path to a file containing weights that define spatial, and potentially temporal, relationships among features.

Apply False Discovery Rate (FDR) Correction (optional)

Specifies whether statistical significance will be assessed with or without FDR correction.

5. Distance Method طريقة المسافة

Specifies how distances are calculated from each feature to neighboring features.

· EUCLIDEAN_DISTANCE—The straight-line distance between two points (as the crow flies)

· MANHATTAN_DISTANCE—The distance between two points measured along axes at right angles (city block); calculated by summing the (absolute) difference between the x- and y-coordinates

يحدد كيفية حساب المسافات من كل معلم إلى المعالم المجاورة.

EUCLIDEAN_DISTANCE - مسافة الخط المستقيم بين نقطتين (أثناء تحليق الغراب)

MANHATTAN_DISTANCE — المسافة بين نقطتين مقاسة على طول المحاور بزوايا قائمة (كتلة المدينة) ؛ محسوبة بجمع الفرق (المطلق) بين إحداثيات x و y

Standardization

Row standardization has no impact on this tool: results from Hot Spot Analysis (the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic) would be identical with or without row standardization. The parameter is disabled; it remains as a tool parameter only to support backwards compatibility.

Distance Band or Threshold Distance (optional)

Specifies a cutoff distance for Inverse Distance and Fixed Distance options. Features outside the specified cutoff for a target feature are ignored in analyses for that feature. However, for Zone of Indifference, the influence of features outside the given distance is reduced with distance, while those inside the distance threshold are equally considered. The distance value entered should match that of the output coordinate system.

For the inverse distance conceptualizations of spatial relationships, a value of 0 indicates that no threshold distance is applied; when this parameter is left blank, a default threshold value is computed and applied. This default value is the Euclidean distance that ensures every feature has at least one neighbor.

This parameter has no effect when polygon contiguity (CONTIGUITY_EDGES_ONLY or CONTIGUITY_EDGES_CORNERS) or GET_SPATIAL_WEIGHTS_FROM_FILE spatial conceptualizations are selected.

Self Potential Field (optional)

The field representing self potential: the distance or weight between a feature and itself.

Weights Matrix File (optional)

The path to a file containing weights that define spatial, and potentially temporal, relationships among features.

Apply False Discovery Rate (FDR) Correction (optional)

Specifies whether statistical significance will be assessed with or without FDR correction.

6. Standardization التوحيد

Row standardization has no impact on this tool: results from Hot Spot Analysis (the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic) would be identical with or without row standardization. The parameter is disabled; it remains as a tool parameter only to support backwards compatibility.

· NONE—No standardization of spatial weights is applied.

· ROW—No standardization of spatial weights is applied.

لا يؤثر توحيد الصف على هذه الأداة: ستكون نتائج تحليل النقاط الساخنة (إحصائية Getis-Ord Gi *) متطابقة مع توحيد الصف أو بدونه. تم تعطيل المعلمة ؛ يبقى كمعامل أداة فقط لدعم التوافق مع الإصدارات السابقة.

• لا شيء - لا يتم تطبيق معايير الأوزان المكانية.

• الصف - لا يتم تطبيق معايير الأوزان المكانية.

7. Distance Band or Threshold Distance (optional) نطاق المسافة أو مسافة العتبة (اختياري)

Specifies a cutoff distance for Inverse Distance and Fixed Distance options. Features outside the specified cutoff for a target feature are ignored in analyses for that feature. However, for Zone of Indifference, the influence of features outside the given distance is reduced with distance, while those inside the distance threshold are equally considered. The distance value entered should match that of the output coordinate system.

For the inverse distance conceptualizations of spatial relationships, a value of 0 indicates that no threshold distance is applied; when this parameter is left blank, a default threshold value is computed and applied. This default value is the Euclidean distance that ensures every feature has at least one neighbor.

This parameter has no effect when polygon contiguity (CONTIGUITY_EDGES_ONLY or CONTIGUITY_EDGES_CORNERS) or GET_SPATIAL_WEIGHTS_FROM_FILE spatial conceptualizations are selected.

يحدد مسافة القطع لخيارات المسافة العكسية والمسافة الثابتة. يتم تجاهل الميزات الموجودة خارج الحد المحدد لميزة مستهدفة في تحليلات تلك الميزة. ومع ذلك ، بالنسبة إلى منطقة اللامبالاة ، يتم تقليل تأثير الميزات خارج المسافة المحددة مع المسافة ، في حين يتم النظر في تلك الموجودة داخل عتبة المسافة على قدم المساواة. يجب أن تتطابق قيمة المسافة التي تم إدخالها مع قيمة نظام إحداثيات الإخراج.

بالنسبة لتصورات المسافة العكسية للعلاقات المكانية ، تشير القيمة 0 إلى عدم تطبيق مسافة عتبة ؛ عندما تُترك هذه المعلمة فارغة ، يتم حساب قيمة العتبة الافتراضية وتطبيقها. هذه القيمة الافتراضية هي المسافة الإقليدية التي تضمن أن كل ميزة لها جار واحد على الأقل.

لا يكون لهذه المعلمة أي تأثير عند تحديد التصورات المكانية المتجاورة (CONTIGUITY_EDGES_ONLY أو CONTIGUITY_EDGES_CORNERS) أو GET_SPATIAL_WEIGHTS_FROM_FILE.

8. Self Potential Field (optional) مجال الإمكانات الذاتية (اختياري)

The field representing self potential: the distance or weight between a feature and itself.

الحقل الذي يمثل الإمكانات الذاتية: المسافة أو الوزن بين الميزة ونفسها.

9. Weights Matrix File (optional) ملف مصفوفة الأوزان (اختياري)

The path to a file containing weights that define spatial, and potentially temporal, relationships among features.

المسار إلى ملف يحتوي على أوزان تحدد العلاقات المكانية ، وربما الزمنية ، بين المعالم.

10. Apply False Discovery Rate (FDR) Correction (optional) تطبيق تصحيح معدل الاكتشاف الخاطئ (اختياري)

Specifies whether statistical significance will be assessed with or without FDR correction.

· Checked—Statistical significance will be based on the False Discovery Rate correction.

· Unchecked—Statistical significance will be based on the p-value and z-score fields. This is the default. Apply False Discovery Rate (FDR) Correction (optional)

يحدد ما إذا كان سيتم تقييم الأهمية الإحصائية مع أو بدون تصحيح FDR.

• تم الفحص - ستعتمد الأهمية الإحصائية على تصحيح معدل الاكتشاف الخاطئ.

• لم يتم التحقق منه - ستعتمد الأهمية الإحصائية على حقلي القيمة الاحتمالية وقيمة z. هذا هو الافتراضي.

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