- With the Surface tools, you can quantify and visualize a terrain landform represented by a digital elevation model.
باستخدام أدوات السطح، يمكنك تحديد وتصور التضاريس التي يمثلها نموذج الارتفاع الرقمي.
جميع أدوات هذه المجموعة موجود داخل صندوق أدوات التحليل ثلاثي
الأبعاد (3D Analyst Tools) داخل مجموعة الأدوات (Toolset) Raster Surface و جزء من مجموعة أدوات Visibility وتم شرحهم وللوصول الى الأدوات اضغط
على كل أداة من الأدوات التالية:
Derives the aspect from
each cell of a raster surface.
The aspect identifies
the compass direction that the downhill slope faces for each location.Input raster The input surface raster.Output raster The output aspect raster.
يُشتق المظهر من كل خلية في سطح نقطي.
يحدد الجانب اتجاه البوصلة الذي يواجهه المنحدر
لكل موقع.
It will be floating-point type.
Method (optional)
Determines whether to calculate the aspect based on a planar (flat earth)
or a geodesic (ellipsoid) method.
· PLANAR—The calculation will be performed on a projected flat plane using a
2D Cartesian coordinate system. This is the default method.
· GEODESIC—The calculation will be performed in a 3D Cartesian coordinate
system by considering the shape of earth as an ellipsoid.
The planar method is appropriate to use on local areas in a projection
that maintains correct distance and area. It is suitable for analysis that
cover areas such cities, counties, or smaller states in area. The geodesic
method produces a more accurate result, at the potential cost of an increase in
processing time.
Z unit (optional)
Linear unit of vertical z-values.
It is defined by a vertical coordinate system if it exists. If a vertical
coordinate system does not exist, the z-unit should be defined from the unit
list to ensure correct geodesic computation. By default, Meter would be
applied.
· INCH—For inches (U.S.)
· FOOT—For feet
· YARD—For yards (U.S.)
· MILE_US—For miles (U.S.)
· NAUTICAL_MILE—For nautical miles
· MILLIMETER—For millimeters
· CENTIMETER—For centimeters
· METER—For meters
· KILOMETER—For kilometers
· DECIMETER —For decimeters
Creates a feature class
of contours from a raster surface.
يُنشئ فئة معالم تعبر عن الخطوط الكنتور من سطح
نقطي.
Creates a feature class
of selected contour values from a raster surface.
ينشئ فئة معلم لقيم المحيط المحددة من سطح نقطي.
Creates contours from a
raster surface. The inclusion of barrier features allows you to independently
generate contours on either side of a barrier.
ينشئ ملامح من سطح نقطي. يتيح لك تضمين ميزات
الحاجز إنشاء ملامح بشكل مستقل على جانبي الحاجز.
Input Barrier Features (optional)
The input barrier features.
The features can be polyline or polygon type.
Output Contour Features
The output contour features.
Type of Contours (optional)
The type of contour to create.
· POLYLINES— The contour or isoline representation of the input raster.
· POLYGONS— Closed polygons representing the contours.
The current version of this tool only supports polyline output. If the
polygon output option is used, it will be ignored and polyline output will be
created.
File Containing Contour Value
Specifications (optional)
The base contour, contour interval, indexed contour interval, and explicit
contour values can also be specified via a text file.
Enter Explicit Contour Values Only
(optional)
Only explicit contour values are used. Base contour, contour interval, and
indexed contour intervals are not specified.
· Unchecked—The default, contour interval must be specified.
· Checked—Only explicit contour values are specified.
Base Contour (optional)
The base contour value.
Contours are generated above and below this value as needed to cover the
entire value range of the input raster. The default is zero.
Contour Interval (optional)
The interval, or distance, between contour lines.
This can be any positive number.
Indexed Contour Interval
(optional)
Contours will also be generated for this interval and will be flagged
accordingly in the output feature class.
Explicit Contour Values (optional)
Explicit values at which to create contours.
Factor Applied to Raster Z-values
(optional)
The unit conversion factor used when generating contours. The default
value is 1.
The contour lines are generated based on the z-values in the input raster,
which are often measured in units of meters or feet. With the default value of
1, the contours will be in the same units as the z-values of the input raster.
To create contours in a different unit than that of the z-values, set an
appropriate value for the z-factor. Note that it is not necessary to have the
ground x,y and surface z-units be consistent for this tool.
For example, if the elevation values in your input raster are in feet, but
you want the contours to be generated based on units of meters, set the
z-factor to 0.3048 (since 1 foot = 0.3048 meter).
Calculates the curvature
of a raster surface, optionally including profile and plan curvature.
لحساب انحناء سطح نقطي ، بما في ذلك انحناء ملف
التعريف والمخطط اختياريًا. The input surface raster.Output curvature raster The output curvature
raster.
It will be floating-point type.
Z factor (optional)
Number of ground x,y units in one surface z-unit.
The z-factor adjusts the units of measure for the z-units when they are
different from the x,y units of the input surface. The z-values of the input
surface are multiplied by the z-factor when calculating the final output
surface.
If the x,y units and z-units are in the same units of measure, the
z-factor is 1. This is the default.
If the x,y units and z-units are in different units of measure, the
z-factor must be set to the appropriate factor, or the results will be
incorrect. For example, if your z-units are feet and your x,y units are meters,
you would use a z-factor of 0.3048 to convert your z-units from feet to meters
(1 foot = 0.3048 meter).
Output profile curve raster
(optional)
Output profile curve raster dataset.
This is the curvature of the surface in the direction of slope.
It will be floating-point type.
Output plan curve raster
(optional)
Output plan curve raster dataset.
This is the curvature of the surface perpendicular to the slope direction.
It will be floating-point type.
Calculates the volume
change between two surfaces. This is typically used for cut and fill
operations.
تحسب تغيير الحجم بين سطحين. يستخدم هذا عادة لعمليات القص
والتعبئة.
Creates a shaded relief
from a surface raster by considering the illumination source angle and shadows.
ينشئ إغاثة مظللة من خطوط المسح السطحية من خلال مراعاة زاوية
مصدر الإضاءة والظلال.
Identifies which
observer points are visible from each raster surface location.
يحدد نقاط
المراقب التي يمكن رؤيتها من كل موقع سطح نقطي.
Identifies the slope
(gradient or steepness) from each cell of a raster.
يحدد الانحدار (الانحدار أو الميل) من كل خلية في خطوط المسح.
Determines the raster
surface locations visible to a set of observer features.
يحدد مواقع السطح النقطية المرئية لمجموعة من معالم المراقب.
Determines the raster
surface locations visible to a set of observer features using geodesic methods
تحدد مواقع السطح النقطية المرئية لمجموعة من معالم المراقب
باستخدام الطرق الجيوديسية
Determines the raster
surface locations visible to a set of observer features, or identifies which
observer points are visible from each raster surface location.
يحدد مواقع السطح النقطية المرئية لمجموعة من معالم المراقب ،
أو يحدد نقاط المراقب المرئية من كل موقع سطح نقطي.
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